You can import a hight map into WorldPainter.
Export to a Minecraft map.
Open the mc-world with MCEdit
and using this plugin from Sfan5:
https://forum.minetest.net/viewtopic.php?id=6007 export as WE-file (WorldEdit Schematic)
Open a world in Minetest and load the WE-file with WorldEdit.
- but beware it's even more difficult than it sounds ;-)
The McEdit plugin is designed for exporting buildings so exporting large things such as whole maps my take several hours. Keep checking the resulting file. It will grow in size until the export is finished, you may have no other way to control wether anything is working.
The import may be limited by memory issues. So far I have succeded with WE-files of some two million lines, where each line describes a block or node.
For example a 640*640*640 map describes 262,144,000 nodes. Even if half of these are air you will get several million lines.
So bigger files will have to be split with some text editor.
Alligning the results is the next challenge. You may need several attempts to get the correct waterlevel and the several pieces to allign correctly. (mc+63=mt+0 or similar)
If you want to import without any "cave-griefing" by the mapgenerator you should choose "singlenode" as mapgenerator while importing.
While importing the large files you may have to fly along the import to force the chunks to load so the file can be imported.
If you have any flowing liquids these will start to spill out of the loaded parts and start frying your pc. You may want to dissable flowing while importing.
Other people that have attempted large mc-map imports are Sokomine and Reactor, they may have more ideas.
good luck