IRC is short for “Internet Relay Chat”.
It is a very old but proven Internet protocol for chatting, i.e. sending and recieving text messages from multiple persons in real time.
To use IRC, you need to install an IRC client. Just search the Internet to find a good one. I personally use Hexchat, it is for GNU/Linux but if I recall correctly it works for Windows, too.
There are many IRC servers and each IRC server has numerours channels. In each channel people discuss about a particular topic.
On the FreeNode server (a popular IRC server) there is a channel for general Minetest discussions, called “#minetest”.
If you have an IRC client installed, you can click the following link to instantly join the chat:
irc://irc.freenode.net/#minetestIf you want to know more about IRC, visit
http://www.irchelp.org/ in your web browser. They explain it much better than I do.
GitHub is mainly there to share code with others, based on the Git revision control system. GitHub also features an “issue tracker” which is basically a system where people can report bugs and feature requests. So GitHub is not a developer-only place.
Why it is used? Well, my guess is that it is relatively simple to use and has many features. Or maybe it just spread by word-of-mouth. I don't know. But GitHub is pretty popular, yeah.
@benrob0329:
IRC is not P2P-based, it is good old server/client architecture.
Google Hangouts NEVER used XMPP. In fact, Google ditched their XMPP server (known as “Google Talk”) in favor of their proprietary Google Hangouts.